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Pandora's avatar

I haven't trusted the government since the 60's. My first knee jerk reaction to anything they say is that it's a lie. After that everything makes sense...

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le micromegas's avatar

Charles Darwin, in his book The Descent of Man, wrote "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge".

Darwin was the recipient of much criticism regarding his often astute observations, including his observation of the existence of carnivorous plants, as the largely theological-based "science" of his day held strict belief in the concept of the hierarchy of species, thus refusing to believe that "lower-order" plants could never prey on "higher-order" insects & animals.

And though Darwin has often been used as a divider between the theists and atheists, he started-out pursuing work in the Clergy, and never lost his faith in a higher-power, but did lose his faith in the human-manipulated Church doctrine.

Darwin's observation "Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge" serves as a basis of the Dunning Kruger effect.

Those with lesser knowledge of a topic or subject, tend to overstate their perceived knowledge of that subject or topic.

I.e. they lack the more comprehensive knowledge to realize what they don't know.

The "liberal" Philosopher, Educator, Mathematician, Polymath, etc. Bertrand Russell, in his Ten Commandments of Critical Thinking wrote:

"Do not feel absolutely certain of anything."

And: "Do not think it worthwhile to produce belief by concealing evidence, for the evidence is sure to come to light."

And: "Do not fear to be eccentric in opinion, for every opinion now accepted was once eccentric."

And in another source wrote: “A habit of basing convictions upon evidence, and of giving to them only that degree or certainty which the evidence warrants, would, if it became general, cure most of the ills from which the world suffers.”

The last concept what I call the sliding scale of belief.

One can hold BOTH belief and disbelief of anything simultaneously. The degrees of those based on available evidence, knowing that additional or contrary evidence may surface later, shifting that scale of belief vs disbelief.

Real science is in NOT knowing, or ever being certain.

Real science is in always looking for answers, but knowing you're never fully certain.

Francesco Petrarca, aka Petrarch, was a 14th century Poet and Philosopher, whom is credited with the concept of the Dark Ages of the Middle Ages.

He lived during a time when the Church was most powerful, wealthy, and controlled most all info (even forbidding & banning unapproved books).

He saw that Church, which largely served as the government of the time, as promulgators of myth, superstition, and human-manipulated theology.

He was a frequent critic of the Scholastic Movement of the time, which was the Church's effort to skew logic, reason, thought & such towards official theological ideologies.

Rather than shedding "light" on knowledge, that Church brought darkness.

Interestingly, that Scholastic Movement of the Middle Ages paved the road for our contemporary system of "scholastics".

We are currently experiencing much the same today.

An "educational" system based largely on mere indoctrination of official narrative, rather than a pursuit of true knowledge.

The ability to merely recite conventional narratives is more highly regarded than the ability to observe, discover, think, etc.

Degrees are awarded based primarily on conformity to systematic procedures & beliefs.

"Eccentricities" of thought are largely abhorred.

People should always question, everything.

Including their own beliefs, biases, judgments, prejudices, presumed knowledge, etc.

But do so based on evidence, logic, reason, induction, deduction, and such.

And always look, objectively, for additional & greater evidence, prior to deciding how much to believe and disbelieve anything.

And always be willing to admit they might just be wrong.

There is no weakness in admitting "I don't know".

As long as you continue to search for answers.

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